Plate 6

Plate 7

Sparus miniatus Bloch & Schneider, 1801: 281, Nomocka I., N. Caledonia; Forster, 1844: 289, type.
Lethrinus miniatus; Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830: 315, Forster's drawing of type; Günther, 1873-75: 63, Red Sea, East Indies; Klunzinger, 1884: 38, pl. 7, fig. 2, Red Sea; Herre & Montalban, 1927: 402, pl. 1, fig. 3, Philippines; Fowler, 1928: 216, Oceania; 1933: 8, fig. 1, Philippines, Ryukyus, Sumatra; Weber & Beaufort, 1936: 445, fig. 89, Valenciennes's specimens including type of L. waigiensis; Okada & Matsubara, 1938: 217, Japan (key); Hiyama, 1943: 53,pl. 8, figs. 21, 22, Marshalls, Marianas; Schultz in Schultz et al., 1953: 553,Bikini; Fourmanoir, 1957:123, fig. 90, pl. 6, fig. B, Canal de Mozambique; Akazaki,1962: 254, Amami Is., East Australia; Shinohara, 1963: 41, Ryukyus; Marshall,1964: 199, Queensland (key); Sato, 1971: 136, fig. 9, Ryukyus, New Ireland I.,Coral Sea; Gushiken, 1972: 39, fig. 192, Okinawa Is.; Kyushin et al., 1973: 69,Andaman; Masuda et al., 1975: 59, fig. A, 233, southern Japan.
Lethrinella miniata; Fowler, 1904: 529; Munro, 1967: 326, pl. 43, New Guinea.
Lethrinella miniatus; Smith, 1959: 292, pl. 22, figs. A, F, East Africa; Kyushin et al.,1977: 150, East Burma Sea, Andaman, Chagos.
Lethrinus elongatus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830: 289, Red Sea.
Lethrinus olivaceus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830: 295, Java.
Lethrinus rostratus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830: 296, Java; Günther, 1859: 454, Moluccas, Amboyna, Ceram, Ceylon; Bleeker, 1873a: 343,East Indies; 1873-76, pl. 309, fig. 3, East Indies; Day, 1875-89: 134, pl. 33, fig. 1, Bombay; Bleeker, 1876-77: 121, East Indies.
Lethrinus waigiensis Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830: 297, Waigiou.
Lethrinus longirostris Playfair in Playfair & G&umml;nther, 1866: 44, pl. 7, fig. 2, Zanzibar.
Lethrinella microdon (not of Valenciennes); Kyushin et al., 1977: 152, Andaman, Nico-bar, Laccadive, Chagos, Nazareth.

Specimens examined.

Holotype of L. olivaceus. —MNHN5741 (173mm standard length) from Java.
Holotype of L. rostratus. —RMNH-D443 (D, 225) from Java.
Lectotype of L. waigiensis. —MNHN9065 (1 of 2 individuals: 104) from Waigiou, New Guinea, here designated.
Holotype of L. longirostris. —BMNH1865. 9. 21. 6 (226) from Zanzibar.
SMF5290 (270) from Sarad-Sarso I., Red Sea.
SMF5557 (162) from Sunda Is.
FSFL-T056 (505) from northwestern Australia.
UMUTZ52642 (610) from Coral Sea.
UMUTZ52667 (470), 52654 (485) from New Ireland.
UMUTZ52494 (117), 52500 (165), 52542 (250), 52543 (250), 14699 (290), 52603 (390), 52634 (520) from Ishigaki I., Ryukyus.

D. X, 9; A. III, 8; P₁. 13; P₂. I, 5; C. 8 + 7; L. lat. 47 or 48; Ltr. 6 or 7/i/15 or 16.

Proportional measurements of some specimens are shown in Table 14.

Head extremely long and pointed, far greater than body depth. End of jaws before the vertical through anterior nostril. Interorbital area sometimes flat and sometimes well convex. Third or fourth dorsal spine longest. Usually 6 scale rows between lateral line and median dorsal spines, sometimes 5. Inner base of pectoral without scales. Lateral teeth of jaws conical.

Color. —Bluish-gray to brown, sometimes pinkish below. Sometimes two or three blue streaks radiating from eye. Interorbital area punctated with the same color. Vertical fins pink to red with brighter margins. Paired fins yellow, pelvic darker.

A very big species, attaining 1 m.

Distribution. —Red Sea, East Africa to Amami Is. (Japan), Polynesia, Australia. One of the most widely distributed and common species of this genus.

Remarks. —L. miniatus was based on Forster's information which was published later (Forster, 1844). Though the original description is too insufficient to characterize that species, Forster's drawing sketched by Valenciennes (unpublished) exactly shows the characteristic body shape of this species.

L. elongatus was based on a specimen of about 30 cm in total length, which Ehrenberg had brought to the Cabinet of Berlin from the Red Sea. Though the specimen seems to be missing at the present time, Valenciennes's unpublished sketch of the specimen clearly shows the characteristic body shape of the present species.

For the disagreement of the size of the holotype of L. rostratns with that written in Valenciennes's description, see the remarks for L. ornatus.

Of the two specimens of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris labeled as the type of L. waigiensis (MNHN9065), the larger agrees better with the original description and is here designated as the lectotype. The smaller (99 mm standard length) belongs to a different species (L. xanthochilus).