PART II. PALEOZOIC BIVALVIA

SYSTEMATIC CATALOGUE
Subclass Palaeoheterodonta




Subclass PALAEOHETERODONTA Newell, 1965
Order MODIOMORPHOIDA Newell, 1969
Superfamily MODIOMORPHACEA Miller, 1877
Family MODIOMORPHIDAE Miller, 1877
Genus Goniophora Phillips, 1848
Subgenus Cosmogoniophora McLearn, 1918

Goniophora (Cosmogoniophora) orientalis Kobayashi [Pl. 9, Fig. 12]
1934a. Goniophora. orientalis Kobayashi, p. 357, pl. 3, figs. 4, 5.
Type. —Holotype (UMUT PM0562, Kobayashi, 1934a, pl. 3, fig. 4) from the Tsuibon beds of the Chosen Group at Kochi-ri, Taebaeksan (Taihakusan) area, Kangwon-do (Kogen-do), South Korea.
Age and distribution. —Middle Ordovician (Caradocian). Known only from the type locality.


Explanation of Plate 9
Fig. 1. Ctenodonta nipponica Kobayashi. Holotype (UMUT PM0535). Left internal mould (la) and upper side view of the same specimen (1b), × 1.5. Loc. Makkol. Kangwon-do (Middle Ordovician, Chikunsan beds of the Chosen Group).
Fig. 2. Pseudoactinodontophora yabei Murata; type-species of genus Pseudoactinodontophora. Holotype (IGPS no. 86885). Rubber cast of right internal mould (2a) and left internal mould of the same individual (2b), × 1. Reproduced from Murata, 1971, pl. 14, figs. 4, la. Loc. Motoiwazawa, Iwate Pref. (Lower Permian, Sakamotozawa Formation).
Fig. 3. Cleionychia oviformis Kobayashi. Holotype (UMUT PM0553). Left valve, × 3. Loc. Kochi-ri, Kangwon-do (Middle Ordovician, Tsuibon beds of the Chosen Group).
Fig. 4. Modiolopsis kogenensis Kobayashi. Paratype (UMUT PM0557). Left valve, × 3. Loc. S aisho-ri, Kangwon-do (Middle Ordovician, Chikunsan beds of the Chosen Group).
Fig. 5. The same species. Holotype (UMUT PM0556). Right valve, × 3. Loc. Makkol, Kangwon-do (Middle Ordovician, Chikunsan beds of the Chosen Group).
Fig. 6. Palaeoconcha? samenoha (Kobayashi). Syntype (UMUT PM0544). Right(?) internal mould, × 3. Loc. Makkol, Kangwon-do (Middle Ordovician, Chikunsan beds of the Chosen Group).
Fig. 7. Aviculopecten?. onukii Murata. Holotype (IGPS no. 91380). Rubber cast of left externa mould, × 1.2. Loc. Senmatsu, Iwate Pref. (Upper Permian, Toyoma Formation).
Fig. 8. Limipecten bandoi Murata. Holotype (IGPS no. 91384). Rubber cast of right external mould, × 1. Loc. Nagahata, Miyagi Pref. (Upper Permian, Toyoma Formation).
Fig. 9. Hayasakapecten reticularis (Hayasaka). Holotype (IGPS no. 22227). Left valve, × 1.5. Loc. Kinshozan, Gifu Pref. (Middle Permian, Akasaka Limestone).
Fig. 10. Hayasakapecten minoensis (Hayasaka). Lectotype (IGPS no. 8204). Left valve, × 1.2. Loc. Kinshozan, Gifu Pref. (Middle Permian, Akasaka Limestone).
Fig. 11. Parallelodon (Parallelodon) obsoleliformis Hayasaka. Lectotype (IGPS no. 22392). External view (11a) and internal view (11b) of left valve, × 1.5. Loc. Kinshozan, Gifu Pref. (Middle Permian, Akasaka Limestone).
Fig. 12. Goniophora (Cosmogoniophora) orientalis Kobayashi. Holotype (UMUT PM0562). Left valve, × 3, Loc. Kochi-ri, Kangwon-do (Middle Ordovician, Tsuibon beds of the Chosen Group).


Genus Modiolopsis Hall, 1847

Modiolopsis elongata Kobayashi
1934a. Modiolopsis elongata Kobayashi, p. 356, pl. 4, figs. 9, 10.
Type. —Holotype (UMUT PM0559, Kobayashi, 1934a, pl. 4, figs. 9, 10) from the Chikunsan beds of the Chosen Group at Makkol, Taebaeksan (Taihakusan) area, Kangwon-do (Kogen-do), South Korea.
Age and distribution. —Middle Ordovician (Llandeilian). Known only from the type locality.


Modiolopsis hinomotoensis Kobayashi
1934a. Modiolopsis hinomotoensis Kobayashi, p. 356, pl. 3, figs. 12, 13.
Type. —Holotype (UMUT PM0560, Kobayashi, 1934a, pl. 3, figs. 12, 13) from the Chikunsan beds of the Chosen Group at Saisho-ri, Taebaeksan (Taihakusan) area, Kangwon-do (Kogen-do), South Korea.
Age and distribution. —Middle Ordovician (Llandeilian). Known only from the type locality.


Modiolopsis kogenensis Kobayashi [Pl. 9, Figs. 4, 5]
1934a. Modiolopsis kogenensis Kobayashi, p. 354, pl. 3, figs. 6, 18-20.
Type. —Holotype (UMUT PM0556, Kobayashi, p. 354, pl. 3, figs. 18,19) from the Chikunsan beds of the Chosen Group at Makkol, Taebaeksan (Taihakusan) area, Kangwon-do (Kogen-do), South Korea.
Age and distribution. —Middle Ordovician (Llandeilian). Known only from the type area.


Modiolopsis reedi Kobayashi
1934a. Modiolopsis reedi Kobayashi, p. 355, pl. 4, fig. 21.
Type. —Holotype (UMUT PM0558, Kobayashi, pl. 4, fig. 21) from the Chikunsan beds of the Chosen Group at Makkol, Taebaeksan (Taihakusan) area, Kangwon-do (Kogen-do), South Korea.
Age and distribution. —Middle Ordovician (Llandeilian), Known only from the type locality.


Modiolopsis rugosa Kobayashi
1934a. Modiolopsis rugosa Kobayashi, p. 357, pl. 4, fig. 22.
Type. —Holotype (UMUT PM0561, Kobayashi, 1934a, pl. 4, fig. 22) from the Chikunsan beds of the Chosen Group at Saisho-ri, Taebaeksan (Taihakusan) area, Kangwon-do (Kogen-do), South Korea.
Age and distribution. —Middle Ordovician (Llandeilian), Known only from the type locality.


Order UNIONOIDA Stoliczka, 1871
Superfamily ANTHRACOSIACEA Amalitsky, 1892
Family ANTHRACOSIIDAE Amalitsky, 1892
Genus Anthracosia King, 1856

Anthracosia? jidoensis (Kobayashi)
1933. Anthracomya (?) jidoensis Kobayashi, p. 176, pl. 16, fig. 4.
Type. —Syntypes (UMUT PM0432, two individuals on a slab) from the Jido Group at Ritzuji-ri, Bitan-men, Heisho-gun, Kangwon-do (Kogen-do), South Korea.
Age and distribution. —Lower? Permian (stage unknown). Known only from the type locality.


Superfamily uncertain [? UNIONACEA]
Family ACTINODONTOPHORIDAE Newell, 1969
Genus Actinodontophora Ichikawa, 1951

Actinodontophora katsurensis Ichikawa [Pl. 10, Fig. 7]
1951. Actinodontophora katswenais Ichikawa [typographical error of katsurensis]: p. 327, pl. 1, figs. 15, 16, 17a, b, 18a, b.-1968. Actinodontophora katsurensis Ichikawa: Nakazawa and Newell, p. 97, pl. 10, figs. 8, 9.-1969. Actinodontophora katsnrensis Ichikawa: Cox et al., p. N470, figs. D60-4a-c.
Type. —Holotype (UMUT PM5306, Ichikawa, 1951, pl. 1, figs. 17a, b) from the Katsura Formation at Katsura, Sakawa-cho, Takaoka-gun, Kochi Prefecture.
Age and distribution. —Middle and Upper Permian (? Artinskian, Kazanian-Tartarian). Katsura Formation in Sakawa area of Kochi Prefecture and lower part of the Kanokura Formation in Kesennuma area of Miyagi Prefecture.


Explanation of Plate 10
Fig. 1. Annuliconcha kitakamiensis Murata. Holotype (IGPS no. 22389). Left external mould, × 1.5. Loc. Imo, Iwate Pref. (Middle Permian, Kanokura Formation).
Fig. 2. Aviculopecten hataii Murata. Holotype (IGPS no. 85732). Rubber cast from left external mould, × 1.5. Loc. Toyazawa, Miyagi Pref. (Middle Permian, Kanokura Formation).
Fig. 3. Acanthopecten spinosus Hayasaka. Lectotype (IGPS no. 22378). Rubber cast from left external mould, × 1.5. Loc. Imo, Iwate Pref. (Middle Permian, Kanokura Formation).
Fig. 4. Acanthopecten onukii Murata. Holotype (IGPS no. 85745). Rubber cast from left external mould, × 1.5. Loc. Shigejizawa, Miyagi Pref. (Middle Permian, Kanokura Formation).
Fig. 5. Enchondria? kesenensis (Hayasaka). Holotype (IGPS no. 22383). Right internal mould, × 1.5. Loc. Imo, Iwate Pref. (Middle Permian, Kanokura Formation).
Fig. 6. Guizhoupecten miyamoriensis (Murata). Holotype (IGPS no. 85733). Rubber cast from left external mould, × 1.5. Loc. Mt. Hiryuyama, Iwate Pref. (Middle Permian, Hiryuyama Formation).
Fig. 7. Actinodonfophora katsurensis Ichikawa; type-species of genus Actinodontophora. Holotype (UMUT PM5306). Rubber cast from left internal mould, × 1.5. Loc. Katsura, Kochi Pref. (Upper Permian, Katsura Formation).
Fig. 8. Schizodus tobai (Hayasaka). Syntype (IGPS no. 8406). Right internal mould, × 1.5. Loc. Imo, Iwate Pref. (Middle Permian, Kanokura Formation).
Fig. 9. Schizodus japonicus (Hayasaka). Lectotype (IGPS no. 22422). Right valve, × 1.2. Loc. Kinshozan, Gifu Pref. (Middle Permian, Akasaka Limestone).
Fig. 10. Alula elegantissima (Hayasaka). Syntype (IGPS no. 8203). Left valve, × 0.55. Loc. Kinshozan, Gifu Pref. (Middle Permian, Akasaka Limestone).


Genus Pseudoactinodontophora Murata, 1971

Pseudoactinodontophora yabei Murata [Pl. 9, Figs. 2a, b]
1971. Pseudoactinodontophora yabei Murata, p. 112, pl. 14, figs. 1a, b, 2, 3a, b, 4.
Type. —Holotype (IGPS no. 86885, Murata, 1971, pl. 14, figs. 1a, b, 4) from the lower part of the Motoiwazawa sandstone member of the Sakamotozawa Formation at Motoiwazawa, southwest of Kawaguchi, Sumita-cho, Kesen-gun, Iwate Prefecture.
Age and distribution. —Lower Permian (Sakmarian). Known only from the type locality.


Order TRIGONIOIDA Dall, 1889
Superfamily TRIGONIACEA Lamarck, 1819
Family MYOPHORIIDAE Bronn, 1849
Genus Costatoria Waagen, 1906

Costatoria katsurensis Ichikawa
1951. Schizodus radiatus Ichikawa, p. 326, pl. 1, fig. 7 [non Costatoria radiata (Loczy, 1899)].-1967. Costatoria katsurensis Nakazawa, p. 169 [proposal of a new name], pl, 6, fig. 11 [reproduction of original figure].-1968. Costatoria katsurensis Nakazawa: Nakazawa and Newell, p. 88, pl. 8, figs. 1a-c.
Type. —Holotype (UMUT PM5320, Ichikawa, 1951, pl. 1, fig. 7) from the Katsura Formation at Katsura, Sakawa-cho, Takaoka-gun, Kochi Prefecture.
Age and distribution. —Upper Permian (stage unknown). Known only from the type locality.


Costatoria kobayashii (Kambe)
1951. Myophoria goldfussi v. Alberti var. kobayashii Kambe, p. 54, pl, 4, figs. 7a, b.-1960. Costatoria kobayashii (Kambe): Nakazawa, p. 52, pl. 6, figs. 10-20.-1975. Costatoria kobayashii {Kambe): Hayami, p. 99.
Type. —Lectotype designated by Hayami (1975, p. 99) (UMUT MM6477, Kambe, 1951, pl. 4, figs. 7a, b) from the Gujo Formation at Gujo, Oe-cho, Kasa-gun, Kyoto Prefecture.
Age and distribution. —Upper Permian (stage unknown). Known only from the type locality. This species was originally regarded as Triassic.


Genus Schizodus de Verneuil and Murchison, 1844

Schizodus japonicus (Hayasaka) [Pl. 10, Fig. 9]
1925. Myophoria japonica Hayasaka, p. 16, pl. 8, fig. 14, text-figs. 1,2.-1953. Myophoria japonica Hysk.: Hayasaka and Hayasaka, p. 39.-1967, Schixodus japonicus (Hayasaka): Nakazawa, p. 169, 171, pl. 6, figs. 13, 14 [reproduction of original figures], 15-18.
Type. —Lectotype designated by Hanzawa, Asano and Takai (1961, p. 259) (IGPS no, 22422, Hayasaka, 1925, pl. 8, fig. 14) from the "Kuro zone" (i.e., Yabeina globosa zone) of the Akasaka Limestone at Kinshozan, Akasaka-cho, Fuwa-gun, Gifu Prefecture. Hanzawa, Asano and Takai regarded this specimen as "holotype," and their treatment seems to constitute valid lectotype designation. Nakazawa (1967) restudied this species and assigned Hayasaka's original figures (1925, text-figs. 1, 2) as "holotype, here des ignated." Nakazawa's designation, however, is invalid, because Hayasaka's text-figures were evidently based on a different speicmen from the aforementioned lectotype.
Age and distribution. —Middle Permian (Kazanian). Known only from the type locality.


Schizodus tobai (Hayasaka) [Pl. 10, Fig. 8]
1923. Myophoria sub-elegans Waagen. var. tobai Hayasaka, p. 109, pl. 15, figs. 4-8.-1925. Myophoria sub-elegans Waagen var. tobai Hayasaka; Hayasaka, p. 17.-1967. Schissodus tobai (Hayasaka): Nakazawa, p. 169, pl. 6, fig, 12 [reproduction of an original figure].-1968. Schizodus tobai (Hayasaka): Nakazawa and Newell, p. 89, pl. 8, figs. 2, 3.
Type. —Syntypes (IGPS nos. 8403-8407, five specimens) from the lower part of the Kanokura Formation at Imo, Yahagi-cho, Kesen-gun, Iwate Prefecture.
Age and distribution. —Middle Permian (Artinskian or Kazanian). Lower part of the Kanokura Formation in Yahagi area of Iwate Prefecture and in Kesennuma area of Miyagi Prefecture.


Genus Neoschizodus Giebel, 1855
Subgenus Neoschizodus Giebel, 1855

Neoschizodus (Neoschizodus) kitakamiensis Nakazawa and Newell
1968. Neoschissodus (Neoschizodus) kitakamiensis Nakazawa and Newell, p. 87, pl, 8, figs, 4, 5a, b, 6.
Type. —Holotype (UK, not registered, Nakazawa and Newell, 1968, pl. 8, figs. 5a, b) from the Tenjinnoki Formation of the Maiya Group at Teranosawa, Maiya, Towa-cho, Tome-gun, Miyagi Prefecture.
Age and distribution. —Middle Permian (Kazanian). Known only from the type locality.


Neoschizodus (Neoschizodus) kobayashii (Ichikawa)
1951. Schissodus kobayashii Ichikawa, p. 325, pl. 1, figs. 4-6.-1967. Neoschiaodus kobayashii (Ichikawa): Nakazawa, p. 169, pl. 6, fig. 10 [reproduction of original figure].
Type. —Holotype (UMUT PM5317, Ichikawa, 1951, pl. 1, fig. 4) from the Katsura Formation at Katsura, Sakawa-cho, Takaoka-gun, Kochi Prefecture.
Age and distribution. —Upper? Permian (stage unknown). Known only from the type locality.


Neoschizodus (Neoschizodus) permicus Nakazawa
1960. Neoschizodus permicus Nakazawa, p. 55, pl. 6, figs. 4-8, 9a, b.
Type. —Holotype (UK JP10001, Nakazawa, 1960, pl. 6, fig. 5) from the Gujo Formation at Gujo, Oe-cho, Kasa-gun, Kyoto Prefecture.
Age and distribution. —Upper Permian (stage unknown). Known only from the type locality.




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