Lespedeza patens Nakai (f. patens)

In Bot. Mag. Tokyo 37: 79 (1923); Lesp. Jap. Korea, 20 (1927)-Makino & Nemo-to, Fl. Jap., 735 (1925)-Hatusima in Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 6: 12 (1967).
[Plate 19; Fig. 43]

L. bicolor Turcz. var. Sieboldii (Miq.) Maxim. f. sericea Matsum. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 16: 70 (1902), pro parte, incl. quoad specim. Togakushi, Aidzu.

L. patens Nakai var. acutifolia Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 37: 79 (1923); Lesp. Jap. Korea, 20 (1927).

L. patens Nakai var. obtusifolia Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 37: 79 (1923); Lesp. Jap. Korea, 20 (1927).

L. grandiflora H. Koidzumi in Journ. Pl. Iwateken 2: 75 (1937), typum non vidi.

L. penduliflora Oudem. var. sericea (Matsum.) Ohwi in Journ. Jap. Bot. 26: 234 (1951), pro parte; Fl. Jap., 679 (1953), pro parte-Kitamura & Murata, Col. Ill. Herb. Pl. Jap. 2: 100(1961).

L. penduliflora Oudem. var. sericea (Matsum.) Ohwi f. pilosella Ohwi, Fl. Jap., 679 (1953), nom. nud.

L. Thunbergii (DC.) Nakai var. obtusifolia (Nakai) Ohwi, Fl. Jap. rev. ed., (790) 1438 (1965); Fl. Jap. Eng. ed., 559 (1965); Fl. Jap., bew ed., 790 (1975).

L. Thunbergii (DC.) Nakai var. obtusifolia (Nakai) Ohwi f. pilosella Ohwi, Fl. Jap. rev. ed., 791 (1965); Fl. Jap. Eng. ed., 559 (1965); Fl. Jap. new ed., 791 (1975), nom. nud.

L. formosa (Vogel) Koehne f. sericea Hatus. in Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 6: 8 (1967).

L. Thunbergii (DC.) Nakai f. sericea Hatus. in Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 6: 12 (1967), syn. nov.

L. Thunbergii (DC.) Nakai var. acutifolia (Nakai) Hiyama ex Murata in Acta Phyto-tax. Geobot. 29: 104 (1978).

L. Thunbergii (DC.) Nakai f. macrantha (Honda) Murata sensu. Ohashi in Journ. Jap. Bot. 56: 242 (1981), pro parte, excl. syn. L. cyrtobotrya Miq. var. macrantha Hon-da, L. patens Nakai var. rotundifolia Honda, L. grandis Koidz., L. penduliflora Oudem. var. sericea (Matsum.) Ohwi.

L. Thunbergii (DC.) Nakai var. patens (Nakai) Ohashi in Journ. Jap. Bot. 61: 124 (1986).

Japanese name. Kehagi (Nakai, 1923).

A perennial plant, 1-1.5 m high in late summer and early autumn. Stems ascending or spreading, sometimes dependent later, 0.3-0.5 m high in the first year, rarely branched, terete, slightly angular with densely spreading hairs (hairs 0.3-0.6 mm long, whitish); aerial part (except the basal part 5-10 cm from the ground level) annual; basal part with axillary and adventitious winter buds. In the second year a few branches coming from the basal part of the stem, 1-1.5(-2) m long, similar to the stem of the first year, but branched or rarely branched in upper part; most of the aerial part annual; the basal parts (near ground level) with axillary and adventitious winter buds. Branches in subsequent years (5-20 or more) coming from the basal parts of the stem and branches every year and the number of branches increases according to the size of the stock.

Leaves trifoliolate, petiolate, stipulate, spirally arranged. Stipules free, lineartriangular to linear, 2-7 mm long, brownish, persistent. Petioles 1-6 cm long, hairy like the young branch. Rachides 5-30 mm long, similar to the petiole. Terminal leaflets (at middle parts of branches) petiolulate; petiolules 1-3 mm long, swollen; lamina 3.5-9 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, entire, broadly to narrowly elliptic to ovate, round or cuneate at the base, obtuse or retuse at the apex (the apex itself with or without a point), upper surface glabrous or glabrescent (except along the midrib) or sometimes sericeous (hairs 0.1-0.5 mm long) at the anthesis, lower surface appressed-sericeous (hairs 0.5 mm long); lateral ones similar to terminal but somewhat smaller.

Inflorescence axillary racemous, one per axil, 2-5(-10) cm long including the peduncle, somewhat compactly or loosely 4-12-flowered; peduncles 1-2(-4) cm long, hairy like the young branch. Primary bracts ovate, about 1 mm long, pubescent, persistent; secondary bracts similar to primary ones.

Flowers 12.5-15.4 mm long at anthesis; pedicels 2-5 mm long terete, curved, tomentose. Bracteoles at the base of the calyx narrowly elliptic to ovate, 1-1.5 mm long, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, persistent. Calyx 5.3-5.4 mm long, campanulate four-lobed above the middle part, densely appressed pubescent; tube 1.8-1.9 mm long; the lower lobe longest; lateral ones 3.4-3.6 mm long, 1.1-1.2 mm wide, triangular-lanceolate, acute at the apex but not acuminate; upper one slightly two-clefted or not.

Standard shorter than keel-petal and longer than wings, 7.0-8.1 mm wide; lamina obovate to elliptic, acute or round at the apex with or without a point, slightly inflexedauriculate near the base, reflexed in anthesis from near the base; claw 1.5-1.7 mm long, whitish. Wings deeper red-purple than standard, 6.9-9.4 mm long with distinct claw; lamina obovate, 5.1-7.4 mm long, 2.6-3.4 mm wide, auriculate at upper basal part, tapering at lower basal part; claw 2.4-2.8 mm long, whitish. Keel-petal 12.4- 14.6 mm long with distinct claw; lamina narrowly obovate, 9.8-12.3 mm long, 3.7-4.4mm wide, paler than wings, deepest in the apical part; claw 2.7-3.0 mm long, whitish. Stamens 10, nearly the same length, 12.4-14.5 mm long, diadelphous. Anthers elliptic, shallowly retuse at the apex, ca. 0.7 mm long; before anthesis yellow. Pistils 12.5-14.6 mm long; ovary elliptic, ca. 2 mm long at anthesis, pubescent, stalked; stalk ca. 0.8 mm long; style pubescent at the basal part, glabrescent at the apical part.

Fruits compressed elliptic, 8-10 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, slightly to densely pubescent or nearly glabrous, stalked; stalk ca. 1.5 mm long.

Seeds reniform, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide.

Distr. Japan (Japan Sea side of C. and N. Honshu).

Voucher and representative specimens.

HONSHU. YAMAGATA. Nishitagawa-gun, Atsumi-machi, Koshizawa (Mori, 14 Aug. 1958, MAK)*; Nishimurayama-gun, Tateoka-Tominami (Koidzumi, 12 Sept. 1929, KYO); Nishimurayama-gun, Aterazawa-machi, Aterazawa (Okuyama, 19 Aug. 1910, MAK); Kitamurayama-gun, Ooishida (Yuki, Aug. 1937, TI); Minamioguni-mura (Yuki, Aug. 1933, KYO)*; Kosaka (Kato, 17 Aug. 1934, KYO)*; Nishiokitama-gun, Oguni-machi, Taruguchi-Tarugu-chi-touge, alt. ca. 300 m (Ohba & Akiyama 2690-2698, TI). FUKUSHIMA. Oonuma-gun, Kaneyama-machi, Honna (Saitou 14997, TI)*; Oonuma-gun, Akasawa-mura, Mt. Akaruyama (Satou, 7 Aug. 1910, MAK); Yama-gun, Nishiaidzu-machi, Karusawa (Ohba & Akiyama 1813-1816, TI); Yama-gun, Yamato-machi, Aikawa-Ichinoki (Ohba & Akiyama 1839-1841, 1843-1851, TI); Aidzu (Yatabe & Matsumura, Aug. 1879, TI-yntype of L. bicolor Turcz. var. Sieboldii (Miq.) Maxim. f. sericea Matsum. and holotype of L. patens Nakai var. acutifolia Nakai); Rokujuri-goe (Hoshi, 26 July 1935, KYO). NIIGATA. Mt. Koma-ga-take (Okuyama 4580, TNS)*; Murakami-shi, Izumi-machi (Miomote-gawara) (Kudou, 8 July 1962, TNS)*; Iwafune-gun, Sekikawa-mura, Takanosu-onsen (Togashi, 8 Oct. 1960, TI)*; Iwahune-gun, Sekigawa-mura, Takanosu, alt. 100 m (Togashi & Yamazaki, 21 July 1965, TI); Shibata-shi, W. foot of Mt. lide, Higashiakatani-Yunohira spa (Fukuoka & Konta 56, KYO)*; Tsugawa (Togasi, 16 Sept. 1957, A; TI); Higashikanbara-gun, Tsugawamachi, Kiyokawa (Ohba & Akiyama 1790-1791, TI); Higashikanbara-gun, Mikawa-mura, Koshitori (Ohba & Akiyama 1764-1786, TI); Mt. Hakusan (Ikegami, 7 Sept. 1947, TNS)*; Mt. Yahiko-yama (Ikegami, 19 Sept. 1948, TNS); Minamikanbara-gun, Morimachi-mura, Nagashima (Ikegami, 6 Oct. 1951, TNS)*; Tochio-shi, Hanzogane (Ohba & Akiyama 1698-1738, TI); Kitauonuma-gun, Suhara (Kurata 791-b, TOFO)*; Mt. Hakkoku-san (Ikegami, 23 Sept. 1944, TNS)*; Kitauonuma-gun, Irihirose-mura, Ooshirakawa, alt. 400 m (Yamazaki, 8 Aug. 1962, A; TI)*; Kitauonuma-gun, Kawaguchi-machi, Aikawa-Araya, alt. 150-200 m (Ohba & Akiyama 1631, TI); Koshi-gun, Yamakoshi-mura, Takezawa (Ohba & Akiyama 1646-1661, TI); Koshi-gun, Yamakoshi-mura (Ohba & Akiyama 1689,1961-1697 TI); Ojiya-shi, near Utogi, alt. ca. 150 m (Ohba & Akiyama 1633-1638, TI); Ojiya-shi, Minaminigoro, Utogi-Nigoro, alt. ca. 200m (Ohba & Akiyama 1640-1645, TI); Muika-machi-Yatsuga-touge (Ito 12038, TNS); Minami-uonuma-gun, Mt. Koma-ga-dake (Furukawa 119, TNS)*; Mt. Hakkai-zan (Ikegami 11062, TNS); Juni-touge (Hisauchi, 17 Oct. 1947, TNS)*; Nakauonuma-gun, Mimata-mura (Mitsumata), Kiyotsu-kyo (Mizushima, 30 Aug. 1955, A; MAK)*; Tsunan-machi (Okuyama, 10 Aug. 1969, TNS); Kashiwazaki (Abe, 30 Aug. 1905, MAK); Takada-shi, dry river bed near agricultural school (Kurata 261, TOFO-Holotype of L. formosa (Vogel) Koehne f. sericea Hatus.; KAG-Isotype); Takada-shi, Shichi-touge (Kurata, Oct. 1945, TOFO); Araishi, Nozokido, alt. 100-150 m (Ohba & Akiyama 469, 470-471, TI); Arai-shi, Nagasawahara, alt. ca. 200 m (Ohba & Akiyama 484-487, TI); Nakakubiki-gun, Kanaya-mura, Ushirotani (Yoshikawa 116, TNS)*; Sasa-ga-mine (Ikegami, 4 Aug. 1948, TNS); Suginosawa-mura (Togashi, 15 Oct. 1955, A; TI); Itoigawa-shi, Nakagawara, alt. ca. 250 m (Ohba & Akiyama 463-466, TI); Kotaki (Ikegami 795, TNS); Nishikubiki-gun, Mt. Kurohime-yama (Yoshikawa, 7 Sept. 1941, MAK); Oyashirazu (Shinno, 25 Sept, 1935, TNS). NAGANO. Shimominochi-gun, Tozama-mura-Oota(Ohta)-mura (Mizushima, 13 Aug. 1953, A; TI); Shimominochi-gun, Okuyama-mura, Numa-no-ike (Yokouchi, 18 Sept. 1954, MAK); Iiyama-shi, Tomikura, alt. ca. 400 m (Ohba & Akiyama 489, 490-492, TI); Sasagamine, Bokuji-Mt. Kurohime (Nitta, 24-25 Sept. 1963, KYO); Mt. Togakushi (Watanabe, 20 Aug. 1893, TI-Syntype of L. bicolor Turcz. var. Sieboldii (Miq.) Maxim. f. sericea Matsum., holotype of L. patens Nakai var. obtusifolia Nakai and lectotype of L. patens Nakai; MAK; TNS); Kamiminochi-gun, Togakushimura, Tochihara, alt. 600-800 m (Ohba & Akiyama 506-511, TI); Kamiminochi-gun, Togakushi-mura, Mt. Togakushi, Okusha-Happonirami (Midorikawa 1213, TI); Kitaazumi-gun, Otari-mura, Kawauchi, alt. ca. 600 m (Ohba & Akiyama 459, 460, 461, 462, TI). TOYAMA.

This species is distributed through the Japan Sea side of the central and northern parts of Honshu where heavy snow falls in winter. It has many annual branches coming from the basal parts of the stem and branches of previous years. This species is related to L. formosa, especially subsp. velutina, although the latter has stern and branches which live a few years or more and axillary buds emerge on their aerial parts.

The typification of L. patens Nakai and L. bicolor Turcz. var. Sieboldii (Miq.) Maxim. f. sericea Matsum. is controversial (Murata, 1978, 83; Ohashi 1981, 86). Matsu-mura (1902) described this species as a form (f. sericea) of L. bicolor var. Sieboldii (=L. Thunbergii) based on three specimens collected from Aizu, Tateyama (Tateya-mashita on label, in Japanese) and Togakushiyama. These specimens are the syntypes of L. bicolor var. Sieboldii f. sericea as pointed out by Ohashi (1981). When Nakai published L. patens as a new species he cited only two of these three syntypes: one is the specimen from Aizu and determined as var. angwtifolia, and the other is the specimen from Togakushiyama and determined as var. obtusifolia. This treatment is not allowed today by the International Codes of Botanical Nomenclature (1983). If the two are distinguished at variety rank in L. petens, one repeats the specific epithet, var. patens, and the other receives a new name of variety rank. Later (1927) he cited a photograph of the type of var. obtusifolia as the type of L. patens, and he did not use var. patens but var. obtusifolia again. In the same monograph he considered the syntype from Tateyama was L. cyrtobotrya, but he did not cite L. bicolor var. Sieboldii f. sericea as the synonym of L. cyrtobotrya, as pointed out by Ohashi (1986), His treatment remains problematic. When Maekawa described L. patens var. macrantha he cited L. bicolor f. sericea [pro minoribus partibus] as a synonym. Murata (1978) recognized that the type of var. obtusifolia is the type of L. patens and var. obtusifolia is a superfluous name of var. patens. He adopted var. acutifolia as the valid name of the variety rank of L. patens. Ohashi (1981) considered that L. patens was not a new species but a new name of a species. According to him, when lectotypification of L. patens was done by Nakai himself in 1927, the lectotypification of L. bicolor var. Sieboldii f. sericea was also done at the same time. Ohashi did not refer to the specimen from Tateyama. On the other hand, Murata (1983) considered that L. patens is described as a new species distinguished from L. bicolor var. Sieboldii f. sericea, which is represented by the specimen from Tateyama, and that var. obtusifolia is a superfluous name of var. patens only under L. patens and valid under other species such as L. Thunbergii. Ohashi (1986) mentioned that one of three syntypes, Tateyama, is in serious conflict with the original description of f. sericea because this specimen has branches with appressed hairs and Nakai excluded this specimen. However, the original description of f. sericea is as follows: "Hairs on the stems often spreading or reflexed . . . ." The specimen Tateyama therefore agrees with the original description like as the other two species, Aizu and Togakushiyama, which have branches with spreading and reflexed hairs respectively. From the original description it is possible to choose any three specimens as the lectotype.

In conclusion, it is difficult to decide whether Nakai considered L. patens as a new species or a new name. In the case of L. kiusiana he wrote it as the name of the species rank for L. bicolor var. velutina, L. velutina, which was confused with another species, L. velutina Dunn. But in the case of L. patens he did not write such notes. We therefore regard L. patens to be described as a new species and adopt Murata's treatment of it. The specimen from Tateyama is the lectotype of L. bicolor var. Sieboldii f. sericea, and the lectotype of L. patens is the specimen from Togakushi. Var. obtusifolia is a superfluous name of var. patens under L. patens. And under another species, such as L. Thunbergii, there can be two treatments: 1) one is that var. obtusifolia is a superfluous name of L. patens var. patens, so if a new combination is made under other species, var. patens should be used as a vallid name; and 2) the other is that var. obtusifolia is only a superfluous name of var. patens under L. patens but if the variety name, var. obtusifolia, is considered to be validly published, it can be used as a name of taxon. The present "International Codes for Botanical Nomenclature" (1983) do not restrict this case. From the concept of the Articles concerning autonomy, however, we consider the former treatment is preferable to avoid confusion.

Forma sericea (Matsum.) S. Akiyama et H. Ohba, comb. nov.

L. bicolor Turcz. var. Sieboldii (Miq.) Maxim. f. sericea Matsum. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 16: 69 (1902), excl. quoad specim. Aizu et Togakushiyama.

L. cyrtobotrya Miq. var. macrantha Honda in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 44: 671 (1930).

L. patens Nakai var. macrantha (Honda) F. Maekawa in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 48: 51 (1934).

L. grandis Koidz. in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 4: 159 (1935).

L. patens Nakai f. macrantha (Honda) Hatusima in Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 6: 13 (1967).

L. Thunbergii (DC.) Nakai var. acutifolia (Nakai) Hiyama ex Murata f. macrantha (Honda) Murata in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 29: 104(1978)-Ohashi in Journ. Jap. Bot. 61: 124 (1986), ut 'L. Thunbergii (DC.) Nakai var. patens (Nakai) Ohashi f. macrantha (Honda) Murata.'

Japanese name. Tateyamahagi (Maekawa, 1934).

Stem and branches with appressed hairs.

Distributed sporadically throughout the range of the species.

Representative specimens.

HONSHU TOYAMA. Mt. Tateyama (prov. Etchu) (Matsumura s.n., TI-Lectotype of L. bicolor Turcz. var. Sieboldii (Miq.) Maxim. f. sericea Matsum. decided by Maekawa in 1934); Keyaki-daira-Mt. Mita-sennin-dake (Takenaka, Aug. 1930, TI-Holotype of L. cyrtobotrya Miq. var. macrantha Honda).

Among the specimens cited under L. patens, those referable to f. sericea are marked with an asterisk.

Sometimes brances have ascending but not entirely appressed hairs. In these cases it is difficult to decide whether this plant belongs to f. patens or f. sericea. But tentatively we recognize f. sericea based on the hairs of young branches.

Forma nivea S. Akiyama et H. Ohba in Journ.Jap. Bot. 59: 128 (1984).

L. Thunbergii (DC.) Nakai var. patens (Nakai) Ohashi f. nivea (S. Akiyama et H. Ohba) Ohashi in Jown.Jap. Bot. 61: 124 (1986).

Japanese name. Yukihagi (Yamazaki in sched. ex S. Akiyama & H. Ohba, 1984).

Corolla white.

Distr. Japan (Niigata Pref.).

Specimens examined.

HONSHU. NIIGATA. Ojiya (Yamazaki, 20 Sept. 1966, TI-Holotype and isotype of L. patens Nakai f. nivea S. Akiyama et H. Ohba); Koshi-gun, Yamakoshi-mura, (cult.) (Ohba & Akiyama 1688, TI).

L. Thunbergii var. acutifolia f. leucantha Murata does not fall in the variation range of L. patens. This is considered to be L. japonica with glabrous upper leaf-surfaces. The white-flowered, appressed form of L. patens has not been previously described.