Forty seven pieces were collected. The worked pieces are classified as spearheads, a spatula, perforated pieces, a tube, a disk and miscellaneous worked pieces.

(a) Spearheads

This type bone artifact is greatest in quantity with twenty-seven pieces. They are classified further into A) those made from long bone fragments of Cervus nippon (Fig. 11:1-23, Plate XVII: 1-23), and B) those made from tail spines of Myliobatus tobifei (Fig. 11:24-27, Plate XVII:24-27). The first type is made from split long bone, ground and polished smooth, and round or oval in cross-section. Since all are fragments the exact form and measurements are unknown. The second type has one or two ground and polished surfaces, a semicircular or flat cross-section, and is pointed at one end (Fig. 11 :27). The opposite end is beveled for insertion into a shaft. But, again, all are fragments and exact measurement is impossible.

Figure 11: Bone and antler artifacts. Spearheads (1-27), tube (28), spatula (29), perforated pieces (30,31) and disk (32) (Scale 1/2). 1 (K-33); Spearhead (fragment). From layer B. Material, long bone of Cervus nippon (Plate XVII: 1). 2 (K-34); Spearhead (fragment). From layer B. Material, long bone of Cervus nippon (Plate XVII:2). 3 (K-32); Spearhead (fragment). From layer B. Material, long bone of Cervus nippon (Plate XVII:3). 4 (K-35); Spearhead (fragment). From layer B. Material, long bone of Cervus nippon (Plate XVII:4). 5 (K-47); Spearhead (fragment). From layer C. Material, unidentified (Plate XVII:5). 6 (K-40); Spearhead (fragment). From layer C. Material, unidentified (Plate XVII:6). 7 (K-38); Spearhead (fragment). From layer C. Material, antler of Cervus nippon (Plate XVII:7). 8 (K-41); Spearhead (fragment). From layer C. Material, unidentified (Plate XVIl:8). 9 (K-39); Spearhead (fragment). From layer C. Material unidentified (Plate XVII:9). 10 (k-100); Spearhead (fragment). From layer D. Material, unidentified (Plate XVII:10). 11 (K-53); Spearhead (fragment). From layer D. Material, long bone of Cervus nippon (Plate XVII: 11). 12 (K-54); Spearhead (fragment). From layer D. Material, long bone of Cervus nippon (Plate XVII:l2). 13 (K-19); Spearhead (fragment). From layer E. Material, long bone of Cervus nippon (Plate XVII: 13). 14 (K-60); Spearhead (fragment). From layer E. Material, long bone of Cervuc nippon (Plate XVII:21). 15 (K-58); Spearhead (fragment). From layer E. Material, long bone of Cervus nippon (Plate XVII: 22). 16 (K-57); Spearhead (fragment). From layer E. Material, long bone of Cervus nippon (Plate XVII:19). 17 (K-61); Spearhead (fragment). From layer E. Material, long bone of Cervus nippon (Plate XVII:17). 18 (K-64); Spearhead (fragment). From layer E, Material, long bone of Cervus nippon (Plate XVII: 18). 19 (K-73); Spearhead (fragment). From layer F. Material, long bone of Cervus nippon (Plate XVII:16). 20 (K-74); Spearhead (fragment). From layer F. Material, long bone of Cervus nippon (Plate XVII:20). 21 (K-77); Spearhead (fragment). From layer F. Material, long bone of Cervus nippon (Plate XVII:14). 22 (K-76); Spearhead (fragment). From layer F. Material, unidentified (Plate XVII:15). 23 (K-75); Spearhead (fragment). From layer F. Material, unidentified (Plate XVII:23). 24 (K-42); Spearhead (fragment). From layer C. Material, tail spine of Myliobatus tobijei (Plate XVII:24). 25 (K-69); Spearhead (fragment). From layer E. Material, tail spine of Myliobatus toblfei (Plate XVII:25). 26 (K-68); Spearhead (fragment). From layer E. Material, tail spine of Myliobatus tobijei (Plate XVII:26). 27 (K-67); Spearhead (fragment). From layer E. Material, tail spine of Myliobatus tobl/ei (Plate XVII: 27). 28 (K-36); Tube (fragment). Short hollow section of long bone shaft, with ends cut and polished smooth. From layer B. Material, long bone of Cervus nippon (Plate XVII:28). 29 (K-43); Spatula (fragment). Section of long bone split with dull edge at one end. Polished smooth. surfaces. From layer C. Material, long bone of Cervus nippon (Plate XVII:29). 30 (K-46); Perforated piece. Thin curved section of antler perforated at one end. Small hole drilled from both sides. Polished smooth surface. From layer C. Material, antler of Cervus nippon (Plate XVII:30). 31 (K-45); Perforated piece (fragment). Thin flat section of lower canine of Sus Scrofa. Small holl drilled from both sides. Polished smooth surfaces. From layer C (Plate XVII: 31). 32 (K-70); Disk. Polished opercle of Mugil cephalus. From layer E (Plate XVII:32).

Plate XVII: Bone and antler artifacts (Scale 1/2). 1-27; Spearhead, 28; Tube, 29; Spatula, 30,31; Perforated piece, 32; Disk

(b) Spatula

One piece was found (Fig. 11:29, Plate XVII:29). It is a worked section of split long bone of Cervus nippon. Its surface is ground and polished. One end is rounded with a blunt edge. This piece is also a fragment and complete measurements cannot be obtained.

(c) Perforated Pieces

Two pieces were collected. One of them is made of an antler of Cervus nippon (Fig. 11:30, Plate XVII;30) and the other of a lower canine of a male Sus scrofa (Fig, 11:31, Plate XVII:31). The first is a thin section split from an antler. Its surface is polished and has a number of shallow vertical and horizontal incisions. A 5 mm diameter hole is drilled through one end. The second is a thin enamel-bearing section of a lower canine. A 5mm diameter hole is drilled at one end.

Plate XVI: Stone artifacts (Scale 1/2). 1,7,9; Chipped stones, 2; Chipped arrowhead, 3,4; Abrading stones, 5,6; Double-edged stone clubs, 8; Perforated pebble, 10. 12; Stone axes, 11. 13; Bar-shaped stone clubs, 14; Chopper

(d) Tube

Although only a fragment was found, the original form can be reconstructed as a tube-like, hollowed long bone (Fig. 11:28, Plate XVII:28). Both ends are smoothly polished and beveled.

(e) Disk

It is made from an opercle of Mugil cephalus (Fig. 11:32, Plate XVII:32). The edges are polished, and the outline is round.

(f) Miscellaneous worked pieces

Fifteen other worked pieces were found. Thirteen of them are of bones, and two are of antlers. The specimens in this category seem to be unfinished implements although there are clear signs of artificial shaping.

Four pieces are the distal ends of cannon bones (metatarsus) of Cervus nippon cut ott at right angles to the shaft (Fig. 12:5,10-12, Plate XVIII: 12-15). One of them has grooves encircling it, traces of attempts to cut it off the main shaft.

Figure 12: Bone and antler artifacts. Miscellaneous worked pieces of bones (1-8,10-12,14,15) and of antlers (9,13) (Scale '/2). 1 (K-37); Worked piece. Section of split long bone. Polished smooth at one end. From layer B. Material, long bone of Cervus nippon (Plate XVIII:1). 2 (K-51); Worked piece. Section of split long bone with incised lines. From layer C. Material, long bone of Cervus nippon (Plate XVIII: 2). 3 (K-50); Worked piece. Small section of split long bone with incision. From layer C. Material, unidentified (Plate XVIII: 3). 4 (K-49); Worked piece. Small thin section of split long bone, one surface of which is slightly beveled and polished. From layer C. Material, unidentified (Plate XVIII: 4). 5 (K-48); Worked piece. Distal part of cannon bone cut off at right angles to shaft. From layer C. Material, metatarsus of Cervus nippon (Plate XVIII: 12). 6 (K-44); Worked piece. Section of long bone split in half, ground slightly smooth at one end. From layer C. Material, Cervus nippon (Plate XVIII:6). 7 (K-62); Worked piece. Section of split long bone polished smooth and oval in cross section. From layer E. Material, long bone of Cervus nippon (Plate XVIII:9). 8 (K-63); Worked piece. Section of split long bone polished smooth on one surface. From layer E. Material, long bone of Cervus nippon (Plate XVIII: 10). 9 (K-56); Worked piece. Antler with notches that result from attempts to cut it into two. From layer D. Material, antler of Cervus nippon (Plate XVIII:6). 10 (K-78); Worked piece. Distal part of cannon bone cut off at right angles to shaft. From layer F. Material, metatarsus of Cervus nippon (Plate XVIII:l4). 11 (K-72); Worked piece. Distal part of cannon bone cut off at right angles to shaft. From layer E. Material, metatarsus of Cervus nippon (Plate XVIII:15). 12 (K-71); Worked piece. Distal part of cannon bone cut off at right angles to shaft. From layer E. Material, metatarsus of Cervus nippon (Plate XVIII:13). 13 (K-65); Worked piece. End of antler tine that shows use as flaker. From layer E. Material, antler of Cervus nippon (Plate XVIII: 5). 14 (K-66); Worked piece, Section of long bone split in half, polishd smooth on one half.Form layer E. Material, long bone of Cervus nippon (Plate XVIII:9). 15 (K-55); Worked piece. Section of split long bone polished smooth on one half. From layer D. Material, long bone of Cervus nippon (Plate XVIII: 8).

Plate XVIII: Bone and antler artifacts (Scale 1/2). 1-4, 7-15; Miscellaneous worked pieces of bones, 5,6; Miscellaneous worked pieces of antlers

Four pieces are relatively long sections split from long bones. Their surfaces are polished (Fig. 12:7, 8, 14, 15, Plate XVIII:7-10). They have indisputable signs of artifitial shaping, such as polishing and grinding; and with further shaping these might have become spearheads. They were probably thrown away because they were broken during the manufacturing process. The remainder show evidence of polishing, grooving and cutting (Fig. 12:1-4, 6, Plate XVIII: 1-4, 11). The shapes are varied. One of them looks like a spatula (Fig. 12:6).

One of the worked antlers has a notch.cut with a sharp edged implement, encircling it (Fig. 12:9, Plate XVIII:6). The other one is polished at the pointed end (Fig. 12:13,Plate XVIII:5)

1) Frequency by Layer (Table 10)

The spearheads, the most common implement, are found in all layers from B to F, with especially large numbers in Layers C and E. Layer E produced the greatest quantity of bone artifacts.

However, on the whole, the excavated area is small and there are remarkable differences in the volume of deposit in each layer. Therefore, further explanation of the frequency by layer will not be attempted here.

2) Materials

Most of the bone and antler artifacts discovered are made from long bones of Cervus nippon. This is so for all layers. But most of bones are small fragments which makes it hard to Identify them. The worked pieces tend to be cannon bones of deer. There are also a few utilized deer antlers and fish bones. But their numbers are too limited to draw conclusions about changes in frequency.